Tympanostomy involves using an ear tube to manage and prevent the accumulation of fluids in the middle ear.
The middle ear, located behind the eardrum, houses three small bones that facilitate vibration. Connected to the back of the throat via the eustachian tube, the middle ear serves three primary functions:
- Maintaining even air pressure in the middle ear
- Supplying fresh air to the ear
- Draining fluids from the middle ear
In young children, the eustachian tubes are narrower and more horizontal compared to adults, making them prone to blockages and difficulty draining.
Ear tubes are effective in managing the following conditions:
- Middle ear infection: This infection is caused by bacteria or viruses and results in inflammation and fluid buildup in the middle ear.
- Chronic middle ear infection: When bacterial infections persist despite antibiotic treatment, ear tubes provide drainage pathways and enable direct application of antibiotic drops into the middle ear.
- Fluid buildup without infection: Fluid retention post-infection or due to eustachian tube dysfunction can lead to this condition, which can cause hearing loss and balance issues.
- Persistent inflammation with eardrum perforation: This condition, characterized by ongoing ear drainage from a tear in the eardrum, can follow infections or result from eustachian tube blockages or ear injuries.
With the help of ear tubes, tympanostomy helps in fluid drainage and prevents recurring infections.