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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD, or post-traumatic stress disorder, is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a severely traumatic event. If you are dealing with PTSD, you may be grappling with intense intrusive thoughts and emotions tied to the traumatic event. These feelings can linger long after the event, interfering with your daily life.

While many people recover with time and self-care following a traumatic event, in some cases, symptoms worsen. They can last for months or even years and disrupt your daily life.

At Kimball Health Services, we offer expert mental health services to manage PTSD and address your specific needs and conditions.

Causes of PTSD

PTSD can affect anyone who has experienced trauma, regardless of age, gender, or background. About 6 in every 100 people in the U.S. develop PTSD at some point in their lives, with women being twice at risk of developing it.

PTSD can result from direct experiences of trauma or from learning about a traumatic event involving a friend or family member. Traumatic events that can cause PTSD include:

  • Serious accidents, like a car accident
  • Severe injury or sudden illness
  • War and military combat
  • Natural disasters, such as tornadoes, earthquakes, fires, or floods
  • Physical abuse
  • Verbal abuse
  • Sexual assault or abuse
  • Bullying
  • Sudden death of a loved one

Risk Factors for PTSD

Not everyone who goes through a traumatic event develops PTSD. Some factors that increase the chances of developing PTSD include:

  • Previous traumatic experiences, especially in childhood
  • Suffering injuries or witnessing harm or death
  • Feelings of intense fear, helplessness, or horror 
  • Lacking social support after the event
  • Dealing with additional stressors post-trauma, like losing a loved one, experiencing pain or injury, or losing a job or home
  • A personal or family history of mental health issues or substance use

On the other hand, certain factors can help with resilience and reduce the likelihood of developing PTSD. These include:

  • Seeking support from friends, family, or support groups
  • Coming to terms with your actions in response to the traumatic event
  • Developing coping strategies to manage and learn from the trauma
  • Being prepared to handle upsetting events as they occur, even when feeling fear

Symptoms of PTSD

PTSD symptoms often emerge within three months of the event but can appear later as well. They may last for months or years. These symptoms can vary in severity and fall into the following four main categories:

1. Re-Experiencing Symptoms

Re-experiencing symptoms can be triggered by thoughts, emotions, words, objects, or situations linked to the traumatic event. Symptoms may include:

  • Unwanted and intrusive memories and thoughts about the event
  • Vivid flashbacks of the traumatic incident
  • Nightmares
  • Emotional distress and physical signs of stress

2. Avoidance Symptoms

Avoidance can lead to changes in your daily routines. Avoidance symptoms may include:

  • Avoiding people, objects, places, and situations associated with the traumatic experience
  • Steering clear of the memories and thoughts about the traumatic event
  • Avoiding your emotions and discussions about the experience

3. Arousal & Reactivity Symptoms

Arousal and reactivity symptoms result from changes in physical and emotional reactivity. These symptoms are often persistent and can disrupt daily activities. The symptoms may include:

  • Persistent feelings of tension, being on guard, or edginess
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Irritability, anger, or outbursts
  • Reckless or self-destructive behavior
  • Being easily startled or frightened
  • Trouble sleeping

4. Cognition & Mood Symptoms

Cognition and mood symptoms can lead to a sense of disconnection and emotional numbness. These symptoms worsen over time and may include:

  • Feeling hopeless about the future
  • Difficulty remembering important details of the traumatic event
  • Negative thoughts about oneself or the world
  • Persistent negative emotions like fear, anger, guilt, or shame
  • Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities
  • A sense of detachment and estrangement from others
  • An inability to feel positive emotions

PTSD can coincide with other conditions like depression, substance abuse, memory issues, and more.

PTSD in Children

Children with PTSD may struggle to express their feelings or have hidden trauma. They may appear restless, fidgety, or have trouble with attention and organization, which can be mistaken for ADHD. Consult a child psychologist or specialist for an accurate PTSD diagnosis for your child.

Younger children under six may:

  • Wet the bed after being potty-trained
  • Forget how to talk or have trouble speaking
  • Act out the traumatic event in their play
  • Become very clingy to a parent or adult
  • Experience nightmares

Older children and teenagers often show symptoms similar to adults, including disruptive, disrespectful behavior, guilt, and thoughts of revenge.

Diagnosis of PTSD

To receive a PTSD diagnosis, you must display symptoms from each of the four symptom categories for at least one month, and these symptoms should significantly affect your daily life. The diagnostic process will involve:

  1. Physical and psychological evaluations to assess your:
    • Symptoms
    • Medical history
    • Mental health history
  2. Controlled exposure to the traumatic event.

There is no specific test for PTSD, and the diagnosis relies on comprehensive evaluations. At Kimball Health Services, our mental health professionals follow the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) from the American Psychiatric Association to diagnose PTSD. 

Treatment for PTSD

PTSD treatment involves psychotherapy and medications, or sometimes a combination of both. Our mental health provider, Ron Strachan, APRN, will guide you toward the right treatment plan based on your symptoms and needs.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is the primary treatment for PTSD. During psychotherapy sessions, our mental health expert will help you understand and resolve your difficult feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. 

Different types of psychotherapy may be used for treating cases of PTSD, including:

  1. Cognitive processing therapy
  2. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
  3. Group therapy
  4. Prolonged exposure therapy
  5. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

We provide both individual therapy and family therapy sessions to ensure a comprehensive approach to healing. Family therapy can help loved ones better understand your experience and offer the support needed for recovery.

Medications

Some medications can be used to alleviate the symptoms of PTSD and may help you participate more effectively in psychotherapy. Medications for treating PTSD include:

  1. Antidepressants
  2. Anti-anxiety medications

Our team will collaborate with you to find the most suitable medication with minimal side effects for your condition. 

While not everyone with PTSD requires psychiatric treatment, it's crucial if you are facing severe psychological distress. Some people recover over time, while others benefit from support from their family and friends. The support of loved ones goes a long way in a patient’s healing journey.

Managing PTSD in Kimball, NE

If you or someone you know is dealing with PTSD, it's important to seek help. At Kimball Health Services, we offer comprehensive mental health services to address your specific mental health condition and needs.

In case of an emergency, call 911 or walk into our emergency department anytime. To schedule a consultation with our healthcare providers, please contact us at 308-235-1966 or request an appointment online.

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